The Morning After Pill Essay - 600 Words

Unintended pregnancy continues to be a growing controversy in the United States. There are many women and female adolescents that are faced with unintended pregnancies. Many have to decide whether to continue with their pregnancy or end their pregnancy. The most common method used to end an unintended pregnancy is by an abortion. However, many women and especially adolescents are not aware of an alternative method used to prevent an unintended pregnancy called Emergency Contraception (EC). This paper will explore unintended pregnancy, EC, pro-emergency contraception and anti-emergency contraception opinions. There are many women of childbearing age that have become pregnant unintentionally in the United States. As a result, many have†¦show more content†¦First, a mother is less likely to seek prenatal care during an unintended pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy health problems may go untreated, the mother may experience pregnancy related health problems such ectopic pregnancy and othe r maternal health problems (Reducing unintended, 2005).Second, the mother and family may experience psychological problems such as depression and anxiety. An unintended pregnancy can also prove to be harmful for the infant as well. In the first year, an infant is at high risk for low birth weight, abuse and death (Reducing unintended, 2005). As mentioned, many unintended pregnancies are terminated through abortion without regard to life. It is important for women of childbearing age to be aware of alternatives that will prevent unintended pregnancy. Emergency Contraception (EC) also known as the morning after pill is an alternative method used when birth control methods have failed to prevent unintended pregnancy.There are many people who support the morning after pill and many who are against the emergency contraceptive. According to the blog â€Å"A Night for Emergency Contraception†, the morning after pill is a good way to stay safe and have fun. Emergency contraception is now easier to take, one no longer has to take one pill then wait twelve hours to take another. It is now available over the counter in a one step formula. People of religious faith on the other hand are not in favor of this type of contraceptive. It seems theyShow MoreRelatedMorning After Pill866 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a pill becoming readily available that would aid in reducing the amount of unwanted pregnancies. It is the morning after pill as it is being called. This pill can be used during the first three days after unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent the fertilization of an egg or the attachment of a fertilized egg to a womans uterus. The question is not necessarily in the ethical issue of the pill itself. The problem or question lies in the issue of the pill being sold with or without aRead MoreThe Morning After Pill Essay654 Words   |  3 PagesThe Morning After Pill The morning after pill has been discussed among a lot of people but do most people know what this pill does. Studies have shown that mifepristone also known as the morning after pill to be 95 percent effective at terminating early pregnancy. Also, doctors who are trained to determine the duration of the pregnancy can only distribute the morning after pill. Physicians can also use mifpristone to provide a surgical abortion in the event that the pill fails. AbortionsRead MoreEssay on The Morning After Pill 570 Words   |  3 Pagesof stopping a pregnancy, by the morning after pill also known as plan. This is a common one two process that teens/women don’t really here about. According to the blog â€Å"should the morning after pill be used to prevent pregnancy?† No, this pill is outrageous. If you are so worried about getting pregnant there are ulterior motives to doing so. There are these new inventions call condoms! There are so many ways to practice safe sex than being lazy and popping some pill. If you truly think you are matureRead MoreThe Morning After Pill Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe Morning After Pill The emergency contraception pill, often wrongly called the abortion pill, is a solution to the high teen pregnancy rate in the USA. There were 521,826 teen mothers in the United States in 1990 (Adolescent pregnancy 2). The United States also has the highest rate of pregnancy, abortion, and childbirth among teenagers than any other country (McKeown 1). Also, the Untied States spends an unbelievable 7 billion dollars a year on teen pregnancy costs (National Campaign ToRead More Should the Morning-After Pill be Available Over-the-Counter?1374 Words   |  6 PagesShould the Morning-After Pill be Available Over-the-Counter? Last Tuesday, advisors to the Food and Drug administration voted to make the morning-after pill available over-the-counter (1). The FDA has not yet acted on this recommendation (1). The morning-after pill is the vernacular term for emergency contraception, specifically, two pills with the commercial name, Plan B, which have the ability to inhibit and, depending on ones perspective, possibly to terminate unwanted pregnancies. TheRead More The University Health System Should Distribute the Morning After Pill2621 Words   |  11 PagesThe University Health System Should Distribute the Morning After Pill The United States of America is known for many of its outlandish and outrageous statistics in comparison to other countries. Statistics regarding obesity, homicide rates, and political issues have displayed many of the nation?s weak points. However, the amount of teen pregnancy has become so excessive that it is becoming a cry for help and a statistic that is greatly standing out and can no longer be ignored. In 1999 aboutRead MoreEssay on Fighting Pharmacists, Fulfilling the Prescription1722 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years there has been an influx of women receiving prescriptions for the postcoital pill (PCP) also known as the morning-after pill, Plan B, and a form of emergency contraception. Some pharmacists, however, are exercising their right not to fulfill patient’s prescription, based primarily on their personal values and morals. Amidst the negative overtones, women continue to take the morning-after pill in an effort to maintain their rights. â€Å"Timely access to emergency contraception is criticalRead MoreShould Emergency Contraceptive Be Made For Teens?1441 Words   |  6 PagesShould Emergency Contraceptive be Made Available to Teens? Emergency contraception, also known as the morning after pill, is one alternative to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. The morning after pill is only available by prescription and or over the counter (with proof of being 18 years or older). In 2006, the purchase age for the morning after pill was lowered to17. In the United States, there is an average of 1 million teen pregnancy reported every year. Of those 1 million girls, 38%Read MoreBirth Control Births1255 Words   |  5 PagesWas it an accident? Were the birth control pills left on the bedside untaken? Or did the pregnancy results from a rape? Women turn to the morning-after contraceptive pill for many reasons. In many European countries, women can buy the morning-after pill over the counter. In Germany however, this purchase is allowed only under prescription (Ware). Within Europe, only Italy and Poland join Germany in making the morning-after pill prescription. One case of a twenty five year old rape victim who wasRe ad More Cause and Effect Essay - Emergency Contraception Causes Abortion952 Words   |  4 Pagesmedicine, Ralph Miech, M.D., Ph.D., stated the abortive nature of EC in the Providence Journal on August 3, 1998: This type of pill causes an abortion. From a pharmacologic perspective, this type of pill should be called an abortion-after pill.    The question must be asked: How is this contraception? Women are being falsely led to believe that these pills are contraceptive in nature. But one of their common and intended modes of action is to prevent the development of the embryo, resulting

Women Role in Athenian Society Free Essays

Women†s role in Greece can be seen when one first begins to do research on the subject. The subject of women in Greece is coupled with the subject of slaves. This is the earliest classification of women in Greek society. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Role in Athenian Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although women were treated differently from city to city the basic premise of that treatment never changed. Women were only useful for establishing a bloodline that could carry on the family name and give the proper last rites to the husband. However, women did form life long bonds with their husbands and found love in arranged marriages. Women are â€Å"defined as near slaves, or as perpetual minors† in Athenian society (The Greek World, pg. 200). For women life didn†t extend far from the home, which was thought to be their sole realm of existence. Though they ranked higher than slaves did, they were treated in many of the same ways. Just like slaves, their mothers trained women as adolescents what their domestic duties were. They were secluded from all males, including those in their family. They lived in gynaikeion, which were women†s apartments in Athens (Daily Life in Greece, pg. 55). They were kept at home where they were taught the proper manners and duties of a desirable wife. â€Å"Marriage was the inevitable goal to which her whole life tended. To remain a spinster was the worst disgrace which could befall a woman† (Everyday Life in Ancient Greece, pg. 82). However, it was seen as more of a disgrace on her father who ‘owned† her until she was married. Although Athenian women were completely in charge of their household and slaves, they didn†t have much freedom. They rarely left the house, unless they were part of some sort of religious procession. They could only walk abroad in the streets if accompanied by a slave or other attendant. It was improper for respectable women to share the same social entertainments as men. Even if caught in the courtyard of the house by a male visitor, they would return to the seclusion of their own apartments. Pericles once said, â€Å"it was their business to be spoken of as little as possible whether for good or ill† (Everyday Life in Ancient Greece, pg. 82). This sentiment describes the extent of the importance of women in society. Marriage was their only major role in the lives of men. The betrothal was arranged by the parents as a strictly business contract. The parent†s choice of a suitable groom for their bride was a matter of pride and status for the family. The groom†s choice in bride was largely determined by the amount of dowry the bride would bring with her. Although the wedding was a happy ceremony, it was only the beginning of a woman†s loss of independence. Not only did women possess no independent status in the eyes of the law; she always remained under the supervision of a male. If her husband died, she was returned to her father†s or brother†s home where they would take charge of her. After the wedding, the wife†s duties were centered on the management of the home. She would overlook the slaves, mend and make clothing for her family, usually done by spinning or knitting, weave rugs and baskets for the home, or just fold and refold the clothing kept in the family chest. The wife was also responsible for maintaining her attractiveness for her husband. A proper Athenian wife would adorn herself with jewelry and use rouge upon her husband†s arrival home. Sometimes she might spend an entire evening sitting next to the couch where her husband lay reclining. Most importantly the Athenian women were seen as â€Å"fine upstanding matrons† fit to bear a race of excellent athletes† (Everyday Life in Ancient Greece, pg. 86). An Athenian man married primarily to have children. These children were expected to care for him in his old age, but more importantly to bury him with the â€Å"full appropriate rites† (Daily Life in Greece, pg. 57). Moreover, Athenian men married to have male children in order to perpetuate the family line and guarantee him honors when he died. It was also a large disgrace for a man to be unmarried. Basically, Athenians married not out of love for each other, but for religious and social convenience. All this aside, love was abundant in Greek society. Although love was never a determining factor in marriages, a lifelong bond and devotion developed between a couple as the years passed. â€Å"We know that the Greeks of the fifth and fourth century used the word eros (love) to describe the passion linking a husband and his wife† (Daily Life in Greece, pg. 58). There are many instances in myth and history where husbands and wives in Greek society have sacrificed themselves for the sake of the other. They were bonded together by their love of their family and by their dedication to each other through their family. Women were dedicated to the happiness of their husband and the well being of their children. Men were dedicated to providing for and supporting their family and raising noteworthy children. These common goals brought together the husband and wife like never before. It was this bond that sparked the beginning of a lifelong commitment to one another and the growth of th eir love for one another. Although women were not given formal rights, they were able to find pride and happiness in the mundane applications of their life. Women found pride in their children and satisfaction in their husband†s happiness. I would like to leave you with closing remarks that illustrate the bond between a wife and her husband. â€Å"The greatest pleasure to me will be this, that, if you prove yourself my superior, you will make me your servant and there will be no fear lest with advancing years your influence will wane; nay the better companion you are to me and the better guardian of the house to our children, the greater will be the esteem in which you are held at home; and all will admire you, not so much for your good looks as for your good deeds in practical life† (Everyday Life in Ancient Greece, pg. 86). â€Å"Atthis, who didst live for me and breathe thy last toward me, once the source of all my joy and now of tears, holy, much lamented, how sleepst thou the mournful sleep, thou whose head was never laid away from thy husband†s breast, leaving Theios alone as one who is no more; for with thee the hope of our life went to darkness† (Everyday Life in Ancient Greece, pg. 87). 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The Unwavering Chinese Traditions Essay examples Example For Students

The Unwavering Chinese Traditions Essay examples The Chinese Filipino Community has been part of the Philippine community since the early 1900’s. Philippines has become their home since the Spanish colonial era, which is, for many Chinese Filipino about 3 to 4 generations ago. Considering this fact, many Chinese Filipinos living in this country has been born and raised here, thus, making this country the only home they know of. There are about 1.5% Chinese Filipinos in the Philippine’s overall population count and many from these Chinese Filipinos can be found in Binondo or in what people fondly calls Chinatown. Tradition wise and in consideration, it is still a wonder how a child that grew up in a Chinese Filipino community would most likely maintain and follow the Chinese traditions, than that of the Filipino traditions around. â€Å"But it is a fact that despite being born and raised in the Philippines, a Filipino-Chinese or Tsinoy would always stick to their own, abhorring any proclivity or opportunity to mix their lives with any foreign culture. A testament to the strength of this would be the historical fact that, even after hundreds of years, generation after generation of Filipino Chinese have resisted the onslaught of western colonial influences that have swept the country. They have successfully retained their distinct Oriental lifestyles, beliefs, traditions and mores, in sharp contrast to the Pinoys, who gradually, even readily, embraced the new influences of Spain, America, and other Western civilizations.† (Lim, David Ernman. Rev. of Afraid to be Chinese, by Xin Mei. www.filipiniana.net/editorpick/index/13110412687277.) Home is basically the place where family traditions can be found. Therefore understanding this is a big key to opening up a comprehension of the unwavering influences of old Chinese traditions in a Chinese Filipino family. At home, there are many factors that cultivate a child into the art of these traditions. I can personally say that the influences of the Chinese traditions start of with ones at home. How we were taught to eat, how we need to show respect to the guests and the elderlies, and how we speak in the Chinese language are basically the influences we find at home. The traditional Chinese eating style, for example, is eating with soup as one of the main dishes in the table; this is followed by many Chinese Filipino families, and as for mannerisms respect and immediate obedience are to be followed at home, especially an order from an elderly. This certain things are some of the few prominent examples followed in a Chinese Filipino’s home. As for the language, majority of the Chinese Filipinos living here knows Cantonese, because it is their lingua franca or their working language. It is the language spoken by their parents, grandparents and even great-grandparents to them, making them able to speak in this certain language from a young age. â€Å"At home, it is not that we don’t speak English or Filipino, but rather, we are accustomed to speaking in the native language of my grandparents which is Cantonese.† (Sison, Jerika. Personal Interview. 19 Sept. 2011.) Family matters is the main principle of a Chinese family, it is with love and respect that this traditions has been passed on through generations, so it is not a question how Chinese traditions are passed through this. â€Å"My great grandmother, grandmother, aunt, uncles, and cousins, all live in the same house as us, and I wouldn’t change a thing. Though conflicts arises, I’m honored to be able to see the beginning of my lineage through my great grandmother as a Chinese Filipino, and I’m grateful for having this opportunity that taught me to follow the traditions of my ancestry.† (Shiu, Phoebe. Personal Interview. 18 Sept. 2011.) Attesting to that said by Phoebe Shiu in a personal interview, it is truly with the love and respect for family that the Chinese tradition of having 2- 4 generations under one roof still remain resolute through the years and in today’s Chinese Filipino community. .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc , .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .postImageUrl , .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc , .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc:hover , .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc:visited , .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc:active { border:0!important; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc:active , .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua51aeba2cb26f2fa239addae3c71bdfc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: On the Waterfront Does the Truth Always Set You Fr EssayThe hierarchy issues that Chinese are known for or rather the favoritism of male heirs and the depreciation of the female has long been gone. What men can do, women can also do. But it is still rather a desire for one family to have a son to pass on the family name and it is still the man who is the head of the household. A Chinese Filipino family follows this tradition, in the sense that the family business – because as it is known, Chinese Filipinos have been influential in the business field would be passed down to the male heirs or to the eldest child in the family (as there is now equality), and that the family surname would live among the sons. The foundation that school gives is also one of the influences why a child grows up with Chinese traditions than that of Filipino ones. The school is the second home of students, it is the place where they grow in intellect, in moral, and in friendship. Chinese Filipino parents mostly make sure that their child has the education that they need in order to learn Chinese. So many Chinese schools are filled with Chinese Filipino children learning the culture and the traditions of being Chinese from the first day of pre-school. Friendships are mostly formed with fellow Chinese Filipinos, considering the fact that Chinese schools are made up of about 98% Chinese Filipino children. In school, Mandarin Chinese is taught to the students in great lengths, for them to be able to read and write Chinese with fluency. My experiences as a child from a Chinese Filipino family made me susceptible to all the influences of the Chinese traditions. The traditions I practice everyday at home is definitely different from outside. It was not unwelcoming, just strange. Especially now that I’m not in a Chinese school, and there is a mix of Filipinos and Chinese in Ateneo, I’ve come to really see the differences in the traditions I was raised in and that of others. Though there are some irrefutable similarities, it is still a whole lot different. When talking about traditions, mine stands out like a sore thumb, even when comparing about schools, mine is different. While in kindergarten, a child learns A, B, C’s and 1, 2, 3’s, whereas in my school or any other Chinese school for that matter, a child will not only be taught that, but also the equivalent of that A, B, C’s and 1,2,3’s in Chinese! These foundations of my youth gave way to my love for my Chinese Filipino cul ture. It paved the way for me to appreciate the strong Chinese traditions I live in and the uniqueness of my family’s tradition. There are many factors that help influences a child to grow up with the Chinese traditions in mind. From home, family, and school, it is the upbringing of a child that truly cultivates him into certain Chinese traditions. These are the reasons why Chinese traditions are not by any means abstracted by the Filipino traditions around the country. Though it can’t be, by any means be questioned that there are some Filipino traditions that the Chinese Filipino families follow. It is also rather a fact that Chinese traditions are more prominent in their daily lives than that of Filipino. Generation after generation this traditions are passed, parent to child, teacher to student, and etc., it is the strength and loyalty of the older generations that made the unwavering continuity of the Chinese traditions able to be passed down to a child, without the outside influences of the dominating Filipino Society. These Chinese traditions are not just passed on to maintain the strength of it, but it is passed on, with the mentality of an heirloom to the generations that follow.

Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) Essay Example

Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) Essay A copy of an original manuscript is called Apograph. ARCHIVES Organized body of public records or historical documents preserved in a repository. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A phrase inserted in a book signifying that its copy right is reserved and its violation will be actionable and that the privilege of reproducing it in any form will not be granted without the consent of the owner of the copyright. ASSOCIATED BOOK A book which is written about another book. AUTOGRAPH 1. A person’s signature. 2. A manuscript in the author’s own hand writing. BASTARD TITLE (HALF TITLE) The brief title of a book in which the wordings of the full title is abbreviated and which is usually printed on a separate leaf preceding the main title page. BEST SELLER A current popular book in extensive demand and sold in large numbers. BIANNUAL A publication issued twice a year. BIBLIOLATORY Reverence and respect for books BIBLIOMANIA Madness for books. (Excessive passion for collecting and owing books). BIBLIOMANIAC One who suffering from bibliomania. BIBLIOPHILE A lover of books particularly of their format and physical make up. BIBLIOPEGIC A book binder, one who works to bind the books. BIBLIOTHECA Library is a place or building or store where collected books are arranged according to a systematic order. BIBLIOTHERAPY Cure of diseases with the help of reading books. BOOK RARITIES Scarce books of which only a few copies are available any where. BOOK REVIEW An evaluation of the contents, literary worth etc, especially a recently published book, published in a periodical or newspaper. BULLETIN A regular publication of an organization, society etc with a brief statement of the latest news concerning the issuing organization. BOOK We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The book is defined as a collection of sheet of papers written, printed or typed, string and bound to illustrate further the concept of book. It has many folded sheets of papers which continue writing. When the page number are 49 or more than 49 it will be named as book excluding the cover pages. When pages are less than 49it will be especially named as pamphlet (decided in General Conference of UNESCO 1964). A non periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, exclusive of cover pages. UNESCO. Dr. P. N. Gour. BYNAME (NICK NAME) A fanciful name in addition to or in place of proper name. . g Hamidullah Jan is called Hameedi. CANCEL The corrected replacement of a cancelled leaf or leaves of a book containing a textural error. BIBLIOGRAPHY List of books and other reading material, which record the information, describe the information, disseminate the information and does not index the information, not being necessarily of one collection or library. BIENNIAL A publication issued o nce in two years. BI-MONTHLY A serial publication issued once in two months. BI-WEEKLY (FORTNIGHTLY) A periodical which is published once in two weeks. BLURB (BOOK JACKET, DUST COVER, BOOK COVER, WRAPPER) Publisher’s description and praise of a book usually printed on the front flap of a book jacket. BOOK Book is an acronym of â€Å"Built in orderly organized knowledge†. â€Å"In education in Pakistan† written by Dr. R. A. Farooq. BOOK EXCHANGE An arrangement whereby a library exchanges its duplicate or discarded material with other library. BOOK LABEL (BOOK PLATE) A label pasted in a book to mark its ownership. CAPTION The heading at the beginning of the text, or of a chapter or section of a book, or of an article. CAPTION TITLE The title printed at beginning of a chapter or section of a book or at the too of each page. CATCHWORD A word given at the bottom of the page after the last line, such word being the first in the first line at the top of the following page. CHANGED TITLE The current title of a book which had originally been published with a different title, e. g, Ceramic in Pakistan old Title pottery in Pakistan change Title. CHARGE To record the loan of a book to reader. CLIPPING (PRESS CUTTINGS) A piece cut form a newspaper or periodical usually containing an important new or some writing worth preservation for the use of readers. For example Afghanistan, Kashmir, ECO, UNO, Pak, Middle East, Nuclear weapon etc. COLLABORATOR One who is associated with another in the writing of a book. COMPOUND NAME A name made up of two or more proper names. COPY RIGHT DATE The date on which copy right is granted in respect of an individual work, usually printed on the reverse of the title page. CORRIGENDA: (ERRATA) A printed list of correction of errors in the text of a book, notices after document was printed and inserted either before or after the printed text. CURATOR A person who has the charge of a museum, art gallery or any special collection. DEDICATION The author’s inscription in a book offering it to a person as a mark of respect or affection or gratitude towards that person. DOCUMENT A record of mental thought expressed in language, written on paper. EDITION The no of copies printed at one time and from one unchanged setting of types. An edition may comprise a no of impressions usually printed from the same types or plates. Different editions may embody an identical text or varying texts. END PAPERS One or more blank leaves inserted by the binder at the beginning and the end of a book. EPHEMERA Pamphlet, cutting and other materials of ephemeral interest and value. FLY LEAF A blank leaf at the beginning or end of a book. FOOT NOTE A note at the foot of a page, giving a reference, an authority or an explanation or elucidation of some matter in the text marked above on the page. FOREWORD: (PRE-AMBLE) An introductory preface of a book by the author stating the reason for writing and enunciation of his theme. FRONTISPIECE A pictorial representation or illustration in the beginning of a book, usually facing or preceding it title page. GAZATTEER A geographical reference work usually arranged alphabetically, giving descriptive, geographical, historical or statistical information about places written about. GLOSSARY An alphabetical list of technical terms concerned with any specific subject together with their definition or elucidations. HARD BINDING Binding in hard board covered with cloth or paper. IMPRESSION All copies of a book printed at the same time from the same setting or types. INDEX A systematically arranged alphabetical list of names, subjects etc, together with page nos where they occur, usually placed at the end of a book or other publications. INTRODUCTION The preliminary section of a book, usually explaining or defining its subject-matter, or giving a general study of the subject, often written by some one other than the author. LEAFLET A separate sheet of printed matter often folded but not stitched. LEGAL DEPOSIT Deposit of one or more copies of every book or other publication, printed or published in the country, in certain libraries, according to the copyright law or another related law of the country. LIBRARY DISCOUNT Rebate allowed by the book trade on the cost of books purchased by a library. LITHOGRAPHY Process of writing or drawing design on a stone and of processing printed impressions there from. MAGAZINE A periodical publication for general reading of which separate issues are published at regular intervals, containing articles on various subjects, by different authors. MONOGRAPH A separate, systematic and complete treatise on a single subject. NEW IMPRESSION Fresh printing of a book from standing type. PAMPHLET A non-periodical publication of at least five but not more than 48 pages, excluding cover pages. PAPERBACKS Books bound with paper covers, usually to reduce their cost price. PARTIAL TITLE The sub-title or alternative title or the secondary part of the title given on the title page. PICTOGRAPH A pictorial illustration telling a story by representing an object or an idea. (A thirsty crow, Greedy dog etc. ). PLATE A page containing illustrative matter bound or pasted in a book and usually not included in its pagination. PREFACE A statement written by the author, at the beginning of a book, giving its scope, reasons for writing and the class of readers for whom it is intended. OCTAVO A sheet of paper folded three times to form a section of eight leaves or sixteen pages. OCTAVO EDITION An edition issued in octavo form, i. e, of books having section of 8 leaves or 16 pages and whose height is between 20 to 25 cm. PRELIMINARIES Those parts of the book which precede the first page of the text, viz: half title, frontispiece, title page, dedication, acknowledgment, list of contents and illustrations, abbreviations, foreword or preface, introduction etc. PSEUDONYM A name used by an author which is not his real name in order to conceal his identity. PUBLISHING HOUSE A firm engaged in the trade of publishing books. RECTO Right hand page of an open book, usually bearing an odd Page number. REFERENCE LIBRARIAN A librarian incharge of a reference library or who is incharge of reference department in a library. REFERENCE BOOKS Books such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, gazetteers, year books, directories, indexes, bibliographies etc, which are compiled to supply definite pieces of information and are meant to be referred to for such information rather than to be read thorough. REFERENCES The list of publications to which an author has made specific reference in the course of his work, generally appended at the end of each chapter or at the end of the book or the article. REFERENCE SERVICE (REFERENCE WORK) The provision and organization by a library of a service which is directly concerned with assistance to readers in their search for information on various subjects, and in using the resources of the library in study and research. REPRINT An identical copy of a book, printed from the same type or with type set again by without any substantial alteration in the text. REVIEW An evaluation of literary work. REVIEW COPY A copy of a book sent free by the publisher to an individual scholar, or to a newspaper or magazine for review purposes. REVIEWING PERIODICAL A periodical publication largely devoted to reviews of new books. REVISED EDITION A new edition of a book in which printing and textual errors have been corrected, and new material added. REVISED IMPRESSION (PRINTING) A new impression of a book for which revisions have been incorporated in the original setting of types. ROYALTY Payment made to an author by the publisher of a book usually on a percentage basis of its retail price. RUNNING TITLE The title which is repeated at the head of each page of a book. SEMI ANNUAL A periodical or any other serial publication, published twice a year. SEMI WEEKLY A periodical issued twice a week. SHORT TITLE Shortened form of the title of a book enough to identify it in catalogue or bibliography, generally used in short cataloguing. SPINE The back of the cover of a book, which usually bears, the title, author and sometimes the publisher’s name. STANDARD BOOK (WORK) A book recognized as of permanent value because of its subject content or the style of writing. STANDARD EDITION The edition of an author’s book which is of a better quality than a normal or cheaper edition. SUB-TITLE A secondary or sub-ordinate title of a book following the main title which is usually explanatory, or modificatory of the main title. SUMMARY The substance or general idea of any written matter presented in a brief form. SURNAME A family name, usually used together with the personal name. TERMS Any word or phrase used in a precise or definite sense. TITLE 1. â€Å"Name of a work† Dr. S. S. Ranganathan. 2. The word or words by which a literary or intellectual work is designated on its title page which may also include the sub-title, alternative title or any elucidatory or descriptive matter relating to the title. TREATISE A formal systematic essay, or book on some subject. VERSION One of several forms of exposition in the same or another language of a work. VERSE The left hand page of an open book, usually bearing an even page number. XY-LOGRAPHY Printing from engraved blocks of wood. YEAR BOOK An annual volume, published every year, containing current information of a variable nature, also reviews of the happenings during the year and statistical statements of annual significance. WATER MARK A mark of water or trade mark is prepared and can be seen on any sheet of paper, specially hand made paper when holds to light. EXTRA BINDING A trade term for the best work in binding. FINISHING It is comprising of lettering, tooling and polishing of the book. FOREDGE The front edge of the leaves. FORWARDING Comprises all operations between sewing and finishing. SIGNATURE The letters or figures placed on first page of each sheet. CONCAVE The inside curve. CONVEX The outside curve. COLOPHONE A statement given at the end of the text of a book giving its title, subject, writer’s printers or publisher’s name and date and place of printing. Sometimes one or more of these items is omitted. IMPERFECTIONS Sheets rejected by the binder and returned to the printer to be replace. HEAD AND TAIL The top and bottom of the book. EMBOSS PRINTING Printing in raised characters for the blind. ADDENDA Additional matters essential to the completeness of the text of a book, usually added after the text. For example at page 85, at line 13 (After Automatic data processing add: see also Data processing).

Observing and Assessing Early Childhood Education essays

Observing and Assessing Early Childhood Education essays Observing and Assessing young Children Throughout a students academic life, short quizzes, periodical exams, and assignments are given to assess his progress. An educator attempts to quantify his cognitive abilities to see if a student qualifies to advance in the next grade. Written exams are part of a process called assessment. Assessment is the process of collecting information about childrens development, learning, health, behavior, academic progress, and the need for special services in order to plan and implement curriculum and instruction (Morrison, 2006). Children in early childhood programs are no exemption. Assessment should be done by early childhood professionals not only to check for the childs progress but also test the effectiveness of a teachers method. Assessment of a childs learning is done through observation, commercial and teacher-made tests and checklists, and other school projects. Assessment of children serves several purposes. Authentic assessment evaluates the extent of a childs learning and his ability to follow directions on a certain activity. An assessment provides information to benefit other sectors that are involved with the childs development. Apart from quantifying what a child has learned so far, conducting an assessment also reveals his inadequacies. Early childhood professionals are able to communicate to families about their childrens progress in learning. Learning in school and at home can be compared. Conducting an assessment will allow for the improvement of early childhood programs by identifying what policies are needed. Teachers benefit by knowing what to improve his lesson plans and methods. He is also able to relate to families regarding the childrens academic performance. The general public also benefits from an assessment because it provides information regarding childrens and students school-wide achievements. It also ...

African American History in America

From slavery to freedom (2007), it was said that the transition from slavery to freedom is the subject in the history of African-Americans (1). The history of African Americans plays an important role not only for the civil rights movement but also for American history as African Americans strive to lead a good life and courage in America. African Americans have been in this country since the early 1600s and since then have been making history. The history of African Americans is the history of America. This is an echoed message from the Smithsonian National African American History and Culture Museum in Washington DC, opened in September after a century of planning. Americans' achievement brings the history of slave trade beyond the Atlantic that began hundreds of years ago and continues to today's popular culture. American African American History 1865 - 1960 Georgian Roots HIS 204: American History Mark since 1865 D. Bowls March 18, 2013 American African American History 1865 - 19 60 America African American History Americans experienced many difficult times in attempts to progress from slavery, freedom, and equal rights. In this article I will explain some of the important events of the time to clarify the role of African Americans in a wider range. Documentary Film Analysis Worksheet History 221 - 1877 Before describing the history of African-Americans: Your movie list can be selected in the course section of the course. †¢ Go to the list and select a movie. You have to see the whole movie. If you are unable to access the movie for placement, geographical location, or for any other reason, please contact your faculty to request alternative work. †¢ Please enter the answer on this form. I need to send a worksheet Black - African American history, as well as American history, is also the center of the United States and should be consistent with American history. The history of ancient Africans and African Americans must be part of our elementary sch ool and the introduction of high school curriculum is consistent with the national history of the United States. It is the basic cognitive discipline of psychology and tells us how to change the way people think eventually change behavior. This cognitive process depends greatly on who can identify themselves. Therefore, it is said that people with strong cultural identity are better at changing life than those who do not improve their lifestyle.

Read part 4 to 6 from the attachment of Meditation on first Essay

Read part 4 to 6 from the attachment of Meditation on first philiosophy and follow the insturction in details - Essay Example The existence of God, although greatly doubted by many earthiest, exhibits itself in the mind and the soul as nobody ahs been able to explain the non-existence of God and whether the soul dies and the body dies (Rene, 2008). The author of the book is a strong catholic believer and had devoted his time in the demonstration of his belief, God exists and that the body and the mind are very distinct. He is very elaborate and does not fail to recognize the beliefs of other (although he and the others lack proof) about the existence of God and the distinct nature of the soul and the body (Rene, 2008). The writer, as a strong catholic, believed that his faith was real since he had been brought up as a catholic and because the world lacks clear facts about the non-existence of God. The reasoning he portray is greatly accepted in the world by a vast majority. Rene escartes (2008). Mediations on first philosophy in which the existence of God an the distinction of the soul and body are demonstrated. Hacket publishing company Indianapolis/Cambridge third

Links between Taste, Consumption and Social Class Essay

Links between Taste, Consumption and Social Class - Essay Example In fact, it is clear that the views and the preferences of people in a particular social framework are aligned with the trends that the media have promoted within the specific area. It is in this context that the relationship between taste, consumption and social class would be evaluated. In the literature, different approaches have been used for highlighting the interaction between taste, consumption and social class. The views of Bourdieu on this issue are analytically presented in this paper. Emphasis is given on the perception of Bourdieu that taste and consumption are closely related to social class. The review of the literature referring to the specific subject reveals that taste and consumption are indispensable elements of human behaviour. Their relationship with social class can be strong no matter the existing social and political conditions; however, each one of these elements cannot be exist outside a consumption society, since it is only within such society that the cons umption needs of individuals can be addressed. 2. Taste, consumption and social class in theory and practice 2.1 Bourdieu on taste, consumption and class In order to understand the views of Bourdieu on key sociological objects, such as taste, consumption and class, it would be necessary to identify the methodology of his work. Bourdieu avoided using the views of a specific sociologist for explaining human behaviour. Rather, he used to employ common sociological rules. From this point of view, it would be a mistake to use the views of well-known sociologists, for instance Marx or Durkheim, in order to understand the thoughts of Bourdieu on key sociological objects (Wright 2005, p.82). Moreover, Bourdieu preferred to combine theory and research. In other words, it was necessary for his views to be tested in real conditions. In this way, the effects of the views of Bourdieu on society and human behaviour have been checked as of their relevance to real life. At the next level, the views of Bourdieu are checked using qualitative and quantitative data; this type of research methodology increases the credibility of the assumptions produced, highlighting the appropriateness of these views for the explanation of daily social phenomena. The above issues are quite important in order to explain the methodology of work in this paper: the views of Bourdieu on social class, taste and consumption are presented and evaluated, as of their relationship to many aspects of social life. At the next level, these views are tested as of their relevance to current social conditions. Examples are used for indicating the value of the theories of Bourdieu in practice, with reference especially to the social trends that characterize the modern societies. At a first level, reference should be made to the views of Bourdieu on social class. Then, its relationship with taste and consumption, as justified through the views of Bourdieu, can be understood. In opposition with other theorists who s tudied the specific issue, Bourdieu avoided making a clear distinction between classes in society (Wright 2005, p.85). This practice is explained as follows: Bourdieu did not want to relate his theory with politics, a risk which would be clear if the differentiation among classes would be used as the basis of the theory of Bourdieu. Moreover,

Dtmf Based Water Controller Essay Example for Free

Dtmf Based Water Controller Essay Along with these problems there is no facility for protection from unauthorized user access to the system switching. Why use Intelligent Water Pump? 1)Manual switching is not beneficial in if user is far away from switching station. 2)Timer based switching circuits are beneficial if duration of load operation is fixed. But most of the cases it is not fixed. 3)General remote switching facility provides the efficient solution for these problem. But it is also affected with the parameter range of operation. Intelligent Water Pump provides the exact solution for these problems. It uses the intelligence of microcontroller along with the powerful peripherals. It uses GSM network which is now a days available in most of the places. It also provides password protection facility to protect the system from unauthorized use. It not on provides the remote switching of the system but also provides the status of system electricity to the user. The system provides instant access along with uncommon voice interaction facility. Operation: . GSM network:- GSM stands for ‘Global System for Mobile Communication’ It provides the network service for communication to both user controller side mobile phone. 2. User side mobile phone:- User sends the accessing commands to the Pump control unit using his mobile phone. User’s mobile phone also plays the received voice feedback messages from Pump control system. 3. Controller side mobile phone:- Controller use this mobile phone to detect p resence of call users commands( in the form of DTMF code) from headset output. Also voice feedback messages are put on the Mic i/p of this mobile. 4. Ring detector:- When user make the call , at that time the presence of ring on receiver mobile phone is detected by this circuit to inform the controller that user wants to access the system. 5. DTMF decoder:- When user enters the choice,the decoder IC8870 decodes the choice equivalent binary no. are available on it’s o/p(Q1 to Q4). Whenever new code comes ,the DTMF decoder will pulse low (STB pin) informing microcontroller that codes are available please take them. 5. Speech circuit:- All the voice messages required to inform the user about controlling action are stored in the voice rom(IC APR 9600). As per the trigger and control i/p from microcontroller, speech circuit put respective voice message on the mic i/p of controller side mobile phone. 6.  µController:- Microcontroller(89S52) keeps co-ordination among all peripherals. Whenever call is detected it takes controlling action according to user’s choice and plays respective voice messages for user’s acknowledgment. It also provides controlling signal for switching circuit as per electricity status user choice. . Switching Circuit :- It is basically a driver circuit which provides the making and breaking of ac mains to the water pump as per signal from controller. It consist of electromechanical relay and relay driver(IC2803) to drive it. 8. Water Pump:- Water Pump is a load which is to be controlled by intelligence of microcontroller based system. 9. AC mains detector:- This block detects the presence of AC mains. Controller check the status of this block before providing ON switching signal to the Water pump. Also availability of electricity can be judged from this block. 10. Power Supply:- It provides necessary power to system components as per requirement for their operation. It provides the regulated power supply along with Battery Backup facility. Block diagram of Intelligent Water Pump [pic] User Side Mobile GSM Network Controller Side Mobile Mobile Ring Detector DTMF Decoder Speech Circuit Power Supply To All Blocks  µ C O N T R O L L E R Water Pump AC mains Detector Switching Circuit Mic i/p Headset

Herbrandss Theorem :: essays research papers

Herbrand’s Theorem Automated theorem proving has two goals: (1) to prove theorems and (2) to do it automatically. Fully automated theorem provers for first-order logic have been developed, starting in the 1960’s, but as theorems get more complicated, the time that theorem provers spend tends to grow exponentially. As a result, no really interesting theorems of mathematics can be proved this way- the human life span is not long enough. Therefore a major problem is to prove interesting theorems and the solution is to give the theorem provers heuristics, rules of thumb for knowledge and wisdom. Some heuristics are fairly general, for example, in a proof that is about t break into several cases do as much as possible that will be of broad applicability before the division into cases occurs. But many heuristics are area-specific; for instance, heuristics appropriate for plane geometry will probably not be appropriate for group theory. The development of good heuristics is a major area of research and requires much experience and insight. Brief History In 1930 Kurt Godel and Jaques Herbrand proved the first version of what is now the completeness of predicate calculus. Godel and Herbrand both demonstrated that the proof machinery of the predicate calculus can provide a formal proof for every logically true proposition, while also giving a constructive method for finding the proof, given the proposition. In 1936 Alonzo Church and Alain Turing independently discovered a fundamental negative property of the predicate calculus. â€Å"Until then, there had been an intense search for a positive solution to what was called the decision problem – which was to create an algorithm for the predicate calculus which would correctly determine, for any formal sentence B and any set A of formal sentences, whether or not B is a logical consequence of A. Church and Turing found that despite the existence of the proof procedure, which correctly recognizes (by constructing the proof of B from A) all cases where B is in fact a logical consequence of A, there is not and cannot be an algorithm which can similarly correctly recognize all cases in which B is not a logical consequence of A. "It means that it is pointless to try to program a computer to answer 'yes' or 'no' correctly to every question of the form 'is this a logically true sentence ?'" Church and Turing proved that it was impossible to find a general decision to verify the inconsistency of a formula.

PUMA Marketing Essay

Executive Summary The multi-billion global sportswear industry is a highly competitive sector that is continually evolving. Two of the largest players in this industry are Nike Co., which holds 37% market share, and PUMA with 7% market share. Objectives To support its growth target to $23 billion by 2011, Nike intends to expand its market penetration in India, China, Brazil, and other emerging economies. To achieve this end, the company plans to create brands that are tailored-fit to different markets. PUMA , on the other hand, targets regional and product type expansion. The company has drafted a five year plan to reach this goal. Positioning/Product/Service/Price Strategy Analysis These leading manufacturers have differing approaches in their marketing strategies. Nike has poised itself as an innovator of high quality sportswear, making sports as part of an active lifestyle. It invests heavily in advertising and marketing campaigns to create brand power and awareness. The Nike name is associated wit h quality, success, and greatness. As a result of its successful marketing strategies, Nike has become part of sports culture. Its products are categorized under basketball, soccer, women’s, running, men’s, sports culture, and others. For the year ended December 31, 2007, Nike reported revenues of $16 billion, where more than half of which came from its athletic footwear division. On the other hand, Puma has positioned itself as a manufacturer that combines functionality with style, creating a niche among the fashion-conscious sports enthusiasts. It cooperates with designers from strategic markets, like Japan, to come up with designs that meet the company’s goal of providing stylish sportswear that appeal to the high-end market. Its business is segmented into footwear, apparel and accessories. For the fiscal year 2007, PUMA reported revenues of $2.4 billion, where sixty percent of which was earned from footwear. Market Analysis Both Nike and PUMA target eighteen to thirty-five year old males and females globally. Despite the similarity of its market, the two companies attract different sorts of consumers. Nike has a strong consumer base for its performance shoes, while PUMA’s strength lies on its cas ual shoes. Distribution Strategy Analysis Distribution reach is a key factor for the success of Nike and PUMA. Nike is headquartered in Oregon, and distributes its products in about twenty-two thousand locations with eleven central distribution centers. This extensive reach allows Nike to be available to the most number of people around the world. Puma is based in Herzogenaurach, Germany, with distribution channels in more than eighty countries worldwide. However, it is largely concentrated in the European region, resulting to a lower market share. Both companies do not sell directly to the public. Instead, they sell through retail stores located in malls or department stores. Promotion Strategies Analysis PUMA’s five-year plan for 2006-2010 focuses on expansion of: †¢ product segments, †¢ regional penetration and †¢ non-PUMA brands. To do this, the company is shifting focus to capture younger consumers without losing its high-end costumers. It is also negotiating for the transfer of company control to PPR, a conglomerate that operates luxury brands like Gucci and YSL. This move is seen to increase sales for PUMA’s sneakers and up profits by at least ten percent. For Nike, it continues its innovations coupled with aggressive marketing campaigns to promote its products and hold on to its leading position in the market. Conclusion Nike will continue to be the sportswear industry leader for the years to come. The company’s approach to innovation and its highly aggressive marketing campaigns will ensure the company its top position in the market. As it continue to provide quality products that appeal to majority of the target consumers, Nike will be able to reach its goal of posting a fifty percent revenue increase by 2011. Puma’s shift in focus will help the company achieve a bigger market share. By reinventing its product lines and expanding its reach particularly in the U.S. market, PUMA will be able to increase its share target. The German company also needs to create products that would cater to the middle-end consumers. From this project, I have learned that marketing strategies and promotional campaigns do a lot to the brand. As a result of brand power, a company’s pricing will also be at an advantage. I have also learned that Nike’s management is doing very well to keep the company at the forefront, compared to PUMA’s top executives who are still in the process of making the company more competitive globally.

Philosophy: Dialogue with Socrates Essay

â€Å"Socrates, good day!† exclaimed Person. Socrates is still mesmerized in this realm unbeknownst to him. Dazed and confused, he sees a figure, a person looking right at him. He replied, â€Å"Good day to you to. May I ask you questions about this world? I suppose you are a citizen of this state.† â€Å"I would gladly entertain your queries, but I have questions too, questions that only you can answer,† retorted Person. â€Å"I will bring the truth upon your inquiries, if you allow me the pleasure of asking you one question. I need help in bringing out the truth so that the decision I make would be based on reason.† â€Å"The pleasure is mine,† said Socrates, â€Å"I will help you bring the light of truth into your question, what is it that you ask?† Person then hesitated, but replied eventually, â€Å"Should I submit my school requirement? The teacher asked to write something philosophical, something uhm†¦ something about a dialogue.† â€Å"Then it is an obligation, I suppose, and every obligation must be fulfilled. This is a moral act, pious according to the laws of my state, Athens. One must never disrespect the state, it is immoral.† â€Å"I do not want to submit my paper, it gets in the way of my hobbies and friends, yet at the same time, I do not want to fail my obligations to my school, â€Å" Person said. â€Å"This obligation, to whom is it addressed,† Socrates asked. â€Å"The obligation is for my teacher,† replied Person. â€Å"Why would you not obey your obligation? Did you enter this obligation as an agreement,† inquired Socrates. â€Å"Why, I, ah I entered the obligation as an agreement when I enrolled. I entered it willingly but the teacher gets in the way of my hobbies and friends,† said Person. Socrates asked: â€Å"If the teacher is a hurdle to you, would you then disregard this authority? What is the basis of your rebellion against authority?† And Person replied: â€Å"I would disregard the authorities, but there are consequences, like a failing grade. If I fail, I would either repeat this course, or I would have a hard time applying for a job after I graduate if most of my grades show my disregard for requirements and obligations.† â€Å"Then, following this authority is a virtue?† â€Å"Yes!† exclaimed Person. â€Å"And entering an agreement or obligation willingly is acceptable?† â€Å"Yes,† said Person proudly. â€Å"If the authority gets in the way of your time with friends, does this mean that the authority is immoral?† â€Å"No.† whispered Person. At this point, Socrates is fuming mad. I know that he is a just man. Plato said so, when I conversed with him moments ago. And now I know that Socrates is not only just but also virtuous. He is attached to truth itself. Furiously, he said: â€Å"Then, I would say that you are not virtuous because you dare defy authority that is virtuous! You are also immoral, for defying your obligations that you entered willingly! Why then did you enter this agreement if you are not agreeing with it?† â€Å"Because studying is required to be smart and successful, I want to be successful†¦ and being smart means that you gain wisdom,† Person shyly said. The face of Socrates brightened a bit: â€Å"You are wise in saying that Person,† exclaimed Socrates, â€Å"because the beginning of wisdom is the recognition of your ignorance. However, knowing that you are ignorant but not following the virtuous path towards truth and wisdom only means that you are foolish. Do as you please, do not fulfill the obligations of your agreement, and you will lose your identity as a Person. What difference do you have then from beasts?† â€Å"I am not a beast. And I am not foolish. I will then, submit to my obligations, I will write my paper. So, Socrates, let us move on, what are your questions about this realm?† Person said eventually.

The Kiss by Anton Chekhov

The Kiss by Anton Chekhov Free Online Research Papers After reading Anton Chekhov’s â€Å"The Kiss†, it is apparent that several elements of fiction were incorporated into his story. The story included interesting characters, a descriptive setting that effectively reflects the mood of what is going on, sufficient amount of irony. And a well developed plot and structure. Out of all of these components that help to build a successful fictional story, the element that was most effective was the element of plot. The plot of â€Å"The Kiss† is an excellent arrangement of events that fulfills every aspect that is expected to be incorporated into a fictional plot. It includes interesting twists, admirable characters, and most importantly, a subject that almost everyone can easily relate to. â€Å"The Kiss†, is about a man named Ryabovitch that is completely unsatisfied with his life until one night, he takes part in an â€Å"adventure (288).† In an unexpected series of events, Ryabovitch, who has never experienced female interaction, finds himself mistaken by a mysterious woman for her lover. As a result of the mix-up, Ryabovitch experiences his first kiss. The kiss puts a new spin on his life and Rybovitch becomes more bold and confident than ever. Even though most would view the incident as a simple misunderstanding, Ryabovitch takes it for more than that. He becomes convinced that he is in love with someone that he does not even know. At the end of the story however, Rya bovitch realizes that the situation was simply exaggerated and he goes back to his normal life. This first reason that the plot stands out so much is that it is relatable. In â€Å"The Kiss† Ryabovitch exaggerates the meaning of the kiss beyond recognition. In the story Ryabovitch is â€Å"†¦surprised dreadfully by the time it took him to tell his story (294).† He overreacted so much that he did not even recognize how simple and insignificant that his incident was. Everyone has been guilty of this as one time or another. â€Å"The Kiss†, was written based on and overreaction and everyone is able to relate to what Ryabovitch is going through. Another reason that the plot stands out is that Chekhov writes in a way that makes the reader want to read on. He makes the reader care about what happens to Rybovitch by vividly describing everything that he goes through. Chekhov forces the reader to want to read on by making them feel sympathetic for Ryabovitch. The plot is set up to keep the reader interested and it stands out because of it. Without this incorporation of getting readers into what is going on with Ryabovitch, the effectiveness of the element of plot would be severely weakened. After reading â€Å"The Kiss†, it is obvious that Chekhov incorporated the element of plot into his story effectively. By writing about a subject that can be easily related to, the overall value of the plot drastically increased. Chekhov did a great job of getting into the readers mind; he made them want to read attentively and continue the story by using the element of plot. Research Papers on "The Kiss" by Anton ChekhovMind TravelTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsStandardized TestingHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThree Concepts of PsychodynamicRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andLifes What Ifs

Social Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Entrepreneurship - Essay Example In this respect class, race, ethnicity, gender etc. do not play a role at all. If anything, it is the socio-economical background of a particular individual, and his access to the education and training facilities, that would determine whether he becomes an entrepreneur or not. When it comes to social entrepreneurship, we have any number of examples of striking success of voluntary efforts of individuals whether from the poor or the rich countries. Here, it is the indomitable human spirit to achieve something for the common good that drives such people to social entrepreneurship. One recalls the stupendous success of Prof. Md. Yunis of Bangladesh and his Grameen Bank, for which he was recently honored with the Nobel Prize. Of course, he is a well-educated person by any standards, but the fact that he hails from a very poor country, the fact that he is a Muslim, and most importantly, the very concept of his enterprise: to lend money without any collateral guarantees, especially to poor women (in Bangladesh and the concept successfully copied in dozens of poor countries around the world) who in turn use it for the purpose of pursuing traditional skills like weaving, basket making, pottery, etc., and supporting them at every stage, lends credence to my choice of Pearl 1. In other words, social enterprise to develop business enterprise! The fact that over 95% of the loanees do not default on repayments is a testimony to both ethical values of poor and middle class people as well as the fact that this 95% constitutes, in Susan Davis words, "...every culture, class, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability and age." We have many such examples of both business and social entrepreneurship, unencumbered by man-made differences like culture, class, race, ethnicity, gender, etc. Nelson Mandela, Mother Theresa, Mahatma Gandhi, Rev. Martin Luther King and Aung Sung Suki in socio-political fields; Indra K. Nooyi, Kiran Majumdar Shah,

Managing Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Project - Essay Example Work based structure defines the scope and work effort relationship hierarchy of all commercialisation activities on the other hand; Gantt chart indicates general sequence and period that project activities will take. Critical path analysis (network) illustrates logical sequence of all project activities while earned value management technique measure the overall progress and performance of the project from the beginning to the end. The commercialisation project is expected to last for twenty-five weeks. The activities involved in the commercialisation of 100 ML are conducting market research, team building, marketing plan preparation, product launch, product promotions, acquisition of licenses and formal requirements, protection of property rights and distribution of the product to various selling points. For the team to plan and implement commercialization of 100 ML appropriately, the team members must be highly prepared and cohesive. This will be achieved when the leader clearly d efines company’s missions and vision; support innovation; make the team think success; value product and service superiority; pay attention to details; value all the team members and reward team work. Commercialisation of 100 ML is expected to cost Mobtech ?1727460. 1.0 Introduction Mobtech is one of the youngest mobile device developers in the market and has recently developed 100 More Life (ML) new mobile phone devices. The company intends to sell five hundred thousand 100 ML devices before the end of March 30, 2012. Production of the new mobile device is aimed at boosting company’s sales before the end of the first quarter of 2012. 100 ML is convenient to use, carry and has long lifespan. It is also sleek and will appeal to wide variety of customers globally. Commercialization of 100 ML will be undertaken by a team of eleven executives from the sales and marketing department and is expected to last for not more than twenty-five weeks. Project management is one of th e disciplines in professional and educational realms, which will enable sales and marketing team of Mobtech to manage commercialization of 100 ML effectively. Schwindt (2005) asserts that project management theory prescribes project management techniques and tools that are used to schedule, allocate resources and monitor as well as evaluate performance of any given project. The project management techniques and tools that are important in managing the marketing and sales project of Mobtech include work based structure, Gantt chart, critical path method and earned value management. The marketing and sales team of Mobtech is responsible for planning and implementing the entire project from the beginning to the end. However, they are free to engage industry a consultant in areas that they feel external input is critical for planning and implementing the sell of 100 ML mobile devices. To do this, they will borrow heavily from project management theory. The project plan will define proje ct objectives, strategies, monitoring and evaluation techniques as well as the budget. The sales and marketing cost will cover market research, team building, marketing plan preparation, product launch, advertisement, licenses and formal requirements, trademark, commissions and distribution. To prepare the project plan, sales and marketi

Sports and Entertainment Law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sports and Entertainment Law - Term Paper Example In the sports and entertainment industry there are numerous personalities who have gained international fame and therefore, any news on them is likely to receive wide viewership all across the world. Besides, the traditional journalists, the news or stories about famous personalities in the sports and entertainment industry is able to reach the mainstream media through paparazzi whom according to O’Shaughnessy, are photographers who take pictures of famous without their approval as they conduct themselves in their normal life (36). The approach with which paparazzi conduct their work has been the subject of many debates in regards to invasion of privacy by the paparazzi and the fact there is freedom of speech and right to free press that protects paparazzi. This present term paper intends to explore the issue of invasion of privacy by the paparazzi and in particular, it will discuss this issue in relation to Tiger Woods’ experience with paparazzi. ... highly unregulated and therefore, they would do anything to get a picture that will sell highly in the market including invading the privacy of individuals. Nordhaus stated that the term ‘paparazzi’ was coined from the surname of a photographer in a 1959 film produced by Federico Fellini called La Dolce Vita. However, there are various connotations that are linked with the term include persistent and annoying photographers who the nature of their work requires them to stalk famous people and go to any extent as long as they get a perfect picture (284). Nordhaus further added that paparazzi mainly target individuals who fascinate the public and the driving force for the paparazzi is the public obsession about these particular individuals, which encourages them to do their invasive acts (284). The paparazzi have received wide criticism more so in situation whereby their invasive acts cause harm or threat of harm as they go about taking photos and videos of celebrities. In such situations, paparazzi are regarded as nuisance and this has led to some countries more so in Europe to restrict the activities of paparazzi by enacting policies and curfews that restrict the invasion by the paparazzi. Nordhaus in his writings stated that the paparazzi have been accused of striping celebrities off their right to privacy. Moreover, the paparazzi were widely criticized after the death of Princess Diana since her death was partly caused by paparazzi that were chasing her; thereby contributing to a car accident that caused her death. Additionally, there have been numerous case filed against paparazzi and among the first such cases was in 1972 whereby Jacqueline Kennedy who was a First Lady of the United States sued paparazzi Ron Galella for harassment with his photo taking

An Intensive Care Unit Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

An Intensive Care Unit - Assignment Example Mr X was being cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU) of an urban hospital. One week after admission, the ICU nurse-in-charge of Mr X’s care noticed respiratory distress and fever of unknown origin. The nurse reported it to the attending physician and to the intensive care specialists. The intensive care specialists ordered a new CT scan to re-evaluate the status of the brain, the occipital skull base fracture, the post-operative cervical spine, the condition of the lungs, the abdomen for a possible source of infection and a pelvis examination locating the sacral fracture and the right hip. Mr X was chosen as the case study subject primarily because of the alarming incidence of motorcycle accident worldwide caught the interest of the author and wanted to delineate the multisystem effect of a motorcycle accident to the individual. Clarke, Ward, Bartle and Truman (2004) stated that motorcyclists are at the highest risk for accidents due to poor safety record and the estimate d killed and serious injury rate in the UK per million vehicle kilometers is twice than a pedal cyclist and 16 times than car drivers and passengers (p. 6). Introduction to the Intensive Care Unit An intensive care unit (ICU) refers to a hospital area that uses state-of-the-art technology and aggressive therapy both in invasive and noninvasive monitoring of critically-ill and high-risk patients (Varon and Acosta, 2010, p. 1). Continuous monitoring is necessary and physiological factors affecting the health status of the patient must be reported promptly and on a continuous basis to the attending physician in order to adjust and meet the patient’s health needs. Patients older than 50 years old who suffered from cervical fracture have a 26% mortality rate (Browner, Jupiter, Levine, Trafton, 2003, p. 868). Critical care is offered for patients in the intensive care units in providing advanced life support through modern technology.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Essay

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Essay Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are critical in the continued cycle of energy to sustain life as we define it. Both have several stages in which the creation of energy occurs, and have varied relationships with organelles located within the eukaryotic cell. The processes are the key in how life has evolved and become as diverse as we know it. Although cellular respiration and photosynthesis have different processes, they are interdependent upon each other, while exhibiting complementary cycles. Cellular respiration by itself refers to the process of drawing energy from food and organic molecules for use. This is done by several reactions that are dependent upon each other. Similar to breathing, whereas as humans inhale oxygen, and exhale carbon dioxide, the process of cellular respiration is the exchange of oxygen to help break down the fuel which is defined as an aerobic process. This process is done by cells exchanging gases with its surroundings in order to create adenosine triphosphate (commonly references as ADT), which ultimately is used by the cells as a source of energy. This process is done through several reactions and is thus an example of a metabolic pathway. In a significantly simplified expression, in cellular respiration chemical energy that comes from fuel molecules is converted into ADP. ADP is then joined with a phosphate, which then converts into ATP, the energy currency of cells. When ATP is consumed or spent by the cells, it releases another phosphate, when will then join with ADP again, to renew the cycle. This entire cycle can be identified by three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport. The metabolic pathway that forms within the cytosol is defined as Glycolysis. During this state, one of the molecules of glucose divides into two molecules of pyruvate, which is occurs within the cytoplasmic fluid. To do this a glucose molecule breaks in half to create two three-carbon molecules by using ATP molecules. The newly split carbon molecules then provide electrons to NAD+ to form NADH, and simultaneously creating four additional ATP molecules. Afterwards the pyruvic acid will then lose a carbon molecule, changing into Acetic acid and beginning the citric acid cycle, in which the glucose is further broken down to CO2, an unneeded product, essentially waste. Afterwards, the enzymes used in this process dissolve within the mitochondria, in effect recycling on a molecular level. NADH is generated as the fuel oxidizes. Following that, CoA is created as each of the remaining acetic acid molecules attach to molecules named coenzyme A and then are delivered to the first reaction of the citric acid cycle. It is at this point that the CoA is removed and then recycled to re-attach to another acetic molecule all over again. While in this cycle, the acetic acid combines with additional carbon molecules to become citric acid. Each time one of these molecules starts the cycle as fuel two additional co2 molecules are Wasted. This process is done once for each glucose molecule. The third stage in this process is the electron transport. During this phase, electrons obtained by the reactions completed in the first two stages travel down transport chains to oxygen. Within the inner membrane of the mitochondria is where the proteins and molecules that are the essence of this chain are located. This transport process is where the majority of the energy released creates ATP. A small amount of ATP is also created during the first two stages as well. ATP is the key to this entire process, as certain amounts of it are created in every step, and simultaneous also spent in each step as well. This creates a self-sustaining cellular cycle of energy production and use. Photosynthesis is similar to cellular respiration, in that it is a process of obtaining energy. However, while cellular respiration is completed through animals (and some plants) by converting food and organic molecules to energy, photosynthesis is the process of converting energy from light sources, namely the sun, into chemical energy for plants, algae, and some bacterias. Photosynthesis is a process that occurs within organelles called chloroplasts. These organelles are able to absorb light, and are located inside of leaves. Within the leaf are tiny pores defined as stomata, in which carbon dioxide can enter, and oxygen can exit, the reverse process that in which most animals breathe. Just like animals, the process of photosynthesis needs water, although rather than ingested, water is absorbed through the plants roots and carried up to the leaves. The stomata is perhaps the most critical piece to this process, as this is where CO2 enters and can be stored, and where water and O2 e xit. Almost a reverse of what cellular respiration exhibits; photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide molecules and water obtained from its roots, and captures light energy to start the chemical process in which it creates energy and its byproducts. Its waste byproducts include that of glucose, and oxygen gas which exits from the leaves. These wastes are what cellular respiration needs to function, thus completing the life cycle almost perfectly. During photosynthesis light energy is chemically changed to bond with carbohydrate molecules that then get converted into ATP molecules and the energy within the ATP molecules is able to then be spent to allow the process to repeat continually and simultaneously within the cells. This entire process is done in two stages, the light reactions, and the Calvin cycle. In the first step, the light reactions phase, solar energy is absorbed in the membranes of chlorophyll and chemically changed into ATP and the electron carries NADPH. Water is divided after the electrons are removed from NADP+ which creates NADPH, and oxygen is wasted in a gaseous form. After this is completed, the Calvin cycle begins. During the Calvin cycle phase, the results of the light reactions give the cells the energy to create fuel or sugar from the carbon dioxide. Using ATP it is able to synthesize sugar and the enzymes responsible which get absorbed within the stoma inside the chloroplast. Every time this cycle is complete, sugar is produced, as well as NADP+, and some ADP with an additional phosphate group, these in turn combine with H2O and start the light reactions phase, starting the cycle anew. Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis rely on key organelles within the eukaryotic cell in order to complete these tasks. There are some differences in the way living creatures and plants and fungi go about obtaining energy, and thus use certain organelles located within the eukaryotic cell. For example, although the mitochondria is where pyruvates enter to begin the cellular respiration process for obtaining energy, it can easily be perceived that plants have no need to possess such an organelle, as their conversion from light to energy is done through photosynthesis with chlorophyll. Although most living creatures are unable to go through the chemical process of photosynthesis, plants exhibit both processes at the same time. There are several important points that these processes deal with in order to maintain the balance of life within our ecosystem. The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are extremely interconnected as they both provide energy that is used by plants, and recycle each others waste for use. With a massively broad simplification example, humans inhale oxygen to keep their cells alive, and through cellular respiration, exhale what is wasted carbon dioxide. Plants on the other hand absorb carbon dioxide, and through both its process of photosynthesis converting light into energy chemically and during the process of cellular respiration, waste oxygen which is then recycled by other plants and humans to begin the process anew. This complementary reaction is what globally helps sustain life on many different levels. As learned through the efforts contributed by Darwin however, cells will evolve based on the needs to the environment in order to survive. The majority of plants are able to go about the process of photosynthesis and draw CO2 directly from the air, however, is some extremely hot and dry climates, or even cold climates, different methods increase the plants chance for survival, and allow it the ability to continue to produce oxygen for life to exist. Before the Calvin cycle can start, some plants, so categorized for their process, have different methods of dealing with carbon. C4 plants keep their stomata closed depending on the weather conditions, and have additional enzymes to help continually incorporate carbon into their processes continually. CAM plants already extremely used to dry areas only allow their stomata to open at certain times of the day, typically at night to absorb Co2, and are able to processes the Calvin cycle throughout the rest of the times the stomata is closed. Both of these examples show how plants have fully adapted to an environment which would otherwise be disruptive to the chemical reactions plants go through to create energy and oxygen. Natural selection has ensured that they are able to still make food and provide the benefit of food and air to other living creatures. Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis have similar goals and cycles with different chemical results. Complementing each other, they allow carbon based life forms the necessary energy required to function, and with the waste produced from both processes, enable a greenhouse effect in which one can benefit from the other continuously.

Understanding Genetic Engineering Essay -- Genetic Engineering

What if cancer could be cured by eating a pear? Or if a crop of wheat could be developed so that it never rotted? These may sound like science fiction but they're not as strange as they first seem to be, and may even be reality in the future. Fifteen years ago who would have thought that plants could be created to be immune to pesticides or that it would be possible to create a sheep that is exactly like its parent in every physical way? And yet both of these currently exist due to genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is a developing science that is viewed with a lot of public apprehension. No one seems to be able to explain what genetic engineering is, when it first began, or what the possibilities are for the future of this science. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency genetic engineering is: â€Å"A process of inserting new genetic information into existing cells in order to modify a specific organism for the purpose of changing one of its characteristics† (USEPA 1). Cells are the smallest living things on earth , but all organisms are made up of different kinds of cells. Some organisms are made up of only one cell, but most organisms are made up of trillions of different cells with each cell having its own job within an organism. Some cells make skin, some make leaves, and others make up nerves and brains (Franklin Institute 1). All cells begin the same with no distinction from other cells; at this stage they are called stem cells and are able to develop into whatever form of cell is needed. Inside each cell is a control center called a nucleus that contains the code with the information for the cell's development. This code is written on deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, and is store d in packages, or chrom... ...gineering. 2004. 10 September 2010 Paternity Experts. Basic Genetics. 2009. 11 September 2010 Union of Concerned Scientists. Genetic Engineering Techniques 18 July 2003. 9 September 2010 U.S. Department of Energy Genome Programs (USDEGP). Gene Therapy. 11 June 2009. 11 September 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (USEPA) Terms of Environment: Glossary, Abbreviations and Acronyms. 2October 2006. 8 September 2010

King Lear Loyalty

Eastern and Western Perspectives on Loyalty Loyalty is a strong feeling of support and allegiance in which it is reflected upon two proclaimed movies with different setting and subplots, but possesses a similar understanding to what the writer was trying to convey. By watching Olivier’s â€Å"King Lear†, and Kurosawa’s â€Å"Ran†, the audience finds there are many themes that are portrayed throughout each movie, but the one that provides the largest impact within the plot has to be loyalty. King Lear displays the meaning of loyalty in a western approach with high class Elizabethan characters as its main cast.The second movie, Ran, is based on an eastern society with conflicting warlords who rule during a particular era. With their differences, also come their similarities. Many characters within their respective movies all share one common analogy, that one should be loyal and faithful to their master. Since the concepts of the two movies are similar, the characters and their roles would parallel each other as well. Lord Hidetora’s advocate, Tango and King Lear’s Earl, Kent have one attribute in common; that they both serve their king with devotion.The Earl of Kent’s loyalty is shown during the movie after he is banished by King Lear for opposing the idea of disowning his youngest daughter, Cordelia. Kent proves this when he disguises himself as a normal citizen, to obtain proximity with the king. Most men would leave the kingdom, never to return but Kent proves differently. Aside, Kent reveals his plan â€Å"Now, banished Kent, If thou canst serve where thou dost stand condemned, So may it come thy master, whom thou lovest, Shall find thee full of labors. † (I. iv. 24. 4) This quote explains that even though his master condemned him, he is loyal and still willing to serve King Lear.From there, he gains King Lear’s trust as â€Å"Caius† and works to aid him throughout the rest of the play. Ke nt’s honesty is also a big role when serving King Lear, since he helps the King to understand his faults about banishing Cordelia from his kingdom, acting as a voice of reason. He’s not afraid to stand up to the King, because he holds King Lear’s best interest at heart even before his own. Kent is very selfless when it comes to his relationship with King Lear, and without prompting would end his own life to continue serving his King even in the afterlife.Kent tells the Duke of Albany â€Å"I have a journey, sir, shortly to go. My master calls me. I must not say no. † (V. iii. 17. 340) Kent decides to continue serving his king and denies the request from the Duke of Albany to help revive the kingdom that King Lear once ruled. Parallel to Kent from â€Å"King Lear†, Tango from â€Å"Ran† also had a similar role as Lord Hidetora’s loyal advocate. Tango is banished from Lord Hidetora’s domain because of his negativism towards his L ord’s decision to banish Saburo, since he did not want to deceive his father like his elder brothers.Tango left Hidetora’s domain, but did not feel it was right to leave his Lord since he made a pledge to serve him, no matter the situation. Tango returns to Lord Hidetora when Hidetora is in need of food and supplies after he, himself is banished from both Taro and Jiro’s castles. Tango explains to Lord Hidetora â€Å"I, Tango Hirayama, though banished have followed my lord in disguise. Seeing how you suffer, I beg to offer you these provisions. † This quote displays that the relationship between Lord Hidetora and Kent are more than servant and Lord and that the trust between the two of them go far beyond even Lord Hidetora and his own sons.From that part in time, Tango stays with Hidetora for the remainder of the movie while they endure the agony and suffering that tie into the tragedy. The differences between the characters are the strength of their loya lty towards their masters. Kent’s perspective of loyalty is more extreme, since he is willingly to die for King Lear and follow him eternally. Kent puts his service towards his master as his top priority which is more important than his own life. Tango’s approach is more subtle, since he does not take extreme precaution when returning to his King after his banishment, but Tango still has a strong sense of loyalty.Kent and Tango’s roles within each movie are very significant towards the tragedy. It helps the audience see there are genuine characters within the movies that are not influential towards the tragedy. The loyalty that is instilled within the two characters cause a positive flexure within the tragedy; by helping eliminate the conflict more than continuing the progression towards it. Unlike the positive effect that Kent and Tango had on the plot, Oswald and Kurogane both serve their antagonistic masters, Goneril and Jiro.Oswald shows his full allegiance to Goneril; he even disobeys King Lear’s attempt to talk to his daughter during Kent’s arrival to the Goneril’s castle and denies Regan’s offer to join her side, also ripping up her letter in the process. Oswald serves Goneril with utter loyalty, but his understanding of devotion is different than a man such as Kent. Oswald explains to the Duke of Cornwall why Kent attacked him â€Å"I never gave him any, It pleased the king his master very late To strike at me upon his misconstructionWhen he, conjunct and flattering his displeasure, Tripped me behind; being down, insulted, railed, And put upon him such a deal of man That worthied him, got praises of the king For him attempting who was self-subdued. And in the fleshment of this dread exploit Drew on me here again. † (II. ii. 5. 110) The fight between Kent and Oswald is symbolic, showing a battle between good and evil. Kent’s loyalty is trustworthy but Oswald is a sycophant who attempts to wi n over people with his insincerely flattery to get what he wants, similar to his master Goneril.Kurogane is parallel to Oswald with both of them serving the main antagonists of the movies. Kurogane is very loyal to Jiro, acting as his voice of reason when Jiro becomes extremely influenced by Lady Kaede and tries to take over Lady Sue’s position as his wife. When Lady Kaede asks Jiro to slay Lady Sue and bring back her head, Kurogane comes back with a head of a statue, After finding out that Lady Sue is murdered, Kurogane tells Jiro he’s will not let Lady Kaede escape punishment â€Å"Who rules this domain,You or Lady Kaede? I pledged fealty to you, but never to her! † Similar to Oswald’s scene where he rips Regan’s paper, Kurogane kills Lady Kaede for her disobedience because he serves Jiro, displaying that his loyalty goes towards his master and no one else. There is a comparison between Kurogane and Oswald, but there are also many differences as well. Oswald seems to use flattery in order to display his loyalty towards Goneril, whereas Kurogane is honest towards Jiro and will even step up to Jiro.Oswald’s loyalty seems cowardly since he hides behind a shadow of lies and Kurogane’s loyalty is sincere and generally, more positive. Oswald and Kurogane’s roles provide influence towards the downfall of the tragic hero and create a progression towards the tragedy. Since they have a negative impact on the storyline, they help magnify the audience’s perspective on the tragedy that is yet to happen. In conclusion, the two movies contain many comparisons and contrasts that approach from two distinct cultures.The four characters; Oswald along with Kurogane and Tango along with Kent, can relate with and differ against each other. All these characters carry traits of loyalty towards their masters, while each individual can be classified as either good or evil. These characters enlighten the tragedy that both directors portrayed through the plot. Olivier’s â€Å"King Lear†, and Kurosawa’s â€Å"Ran† is comprised of multiple themes that are depicted during the films, but the theme with the most significance towards the storyline and the tragedy is loyalty. King Lear Loyalty Eastern and Western Perspectives on Loyalty Loyalty is a strong feeling of support and allegiance in which it is reflected upon two proclaimed movies with different setting and subplots, but possesses a similar understanding to what the writer was trying to convey. By watching Olivier’s â€Å"King Lear†, and Kurosawa’s â€Å"Ran†, the audience finds there are many themes that are portrayed throughout each movie, but the one that provides the largest impact within the plot has to be loyalty. King Lear displays the meaning of loyalty in a western approach with high class Elizabethan characters as its main cast.The second movie, Ran, is based on an eastern society with conflicting warlords who rule during a particular era. With their differences, also come their similarities. Many characters within their respective movies all share one common analogy, that one should be loyal and faithful to their master. Since the concepts of the two movies are similar, the characters and their roles would parallel each other as well. Lord Hidetora’s advocate, Tango and King Lear’s Earl, Kent have one attribute in common; that they both serve their king with devotion.The Earl of Kent’s loyalty is shown during the movie after he is banished by King Lear for opposing the idea of disowning his youngest daughter, Cordelia. Kent proves this when he disguises himself as a normal citizen, to obtain proximity with the king. Most men would leave the kingdom, never to return but Kent proves differently. Aside, Kent reveals his plan â€Å"Now, banished Kent, If thou canst serve where thou dost stand condemned, So may it come thy master, whom thou lovest, Shall find thee full of labors. † (I. iv. 24. 4) This quote explains that even though his master condemned him, he is loyal and still willing to serve King Lear.From there, he gains King Lear’s trust as â€Å"Caius† and works to aid him throughout the rest of the play. Ke nt’s honesty is also a big role when serving King Lear, since he helps the King to understand his faults about banishing Cordelia from his kingdom, acting as a voice of reason. He’s not afraid to stand up to the King, because he holds King Lear’s best interest at heart even before his own. Kent is very selfless when it comes to his relationship with King Lear, and without prompting would end his own life to continue serving his King even in the afterlife.Kent tells the Duke of Albany â€Å"I have a journey, sir, shortly to go. My master calls me. I must not say no. † (V. iii. 17. 340) Kent decides to continue serving his king and denies the request from the Duke of Albany to help revive the kingdom that King Lear once ruled. Parallel to Kent from â€Å"King Lear†, Tango from â€Å"Ran† also had a similar role as Lord Hidetora’s loyal advocate. Tango is banished from Lord Hidetora’s domain because of his negativism towards his L ord’s decision to banish Saburo, since he did not want to deceive his father like his elder brothers.Tango left Hidetora’s domain, but did not feel it was right to leave his Lord since he made a pledge to serve him, no matter the situation. Tango returns to Lord Hidetora when Hidetora is in need of food and supplies after he, himself is banished from both Taro and Jiro’s castles. Tango explains to Lord Hidetora â€Å"I, Tango Hirayama, though banished have followed my lord in disguise. Seeing how you suffer, I beg to offer you these provisions. † This quote displays that the relationship between Lord Hidetora and Kent are more than servant and Lord and that the trust between the two of them go far beyond even Lord Hidetora and his own sons.From that part in time, Tango stays with Hidetora for the remainder of the movie while they endure the agony and suffering that tie into the tragedy. The differences between the characters are the strength of their loya lty towards their masters. Kent’s perspective of loyalty is more extreme, since he is willingly to die for King Lear and follow him eternally. Kent puts his service towards his master as his top priority which is more important than his own life. Tango’s approach is more subtle, since he does not take extreme precaution when returning to his King after his banishment, but Tango still has a strong sense of loyalty.Kent and Tango’s roles within each movie are very significant towards the tragedy. It helps the audience see there are genuine characters within the movies that are not influential towards the tragedy. The loyalty that is instilled within the two characters cause a positive flexure within the tragedy; by helping eliminate the conflict more than continuing the progression towards it. Unlike the positive effect that Kent and Tango had on the plot, Oswald and Kurogane both serve their antagonistic masters, Goneril and Jiro.Oswald shows his full allegiance to Goneril; he even disobeys King Lear’s attempt to talk to his daughter during Kent’s arrival to the Goneril’s castle and denies Regan’s offer to join her side, also ripping up her letter in the process. Oswald serves Goneril with utter loyalty, but his understanding of devotion is different than a man such as Kent. Oswald explains to the Duke of Cornwall why Kent attacked him â€Å"I never gave him any, It pleased the king his master very late To strike at me upon his misconstructionWhen he, conjunct and flattering his displeasure, Tripped me behind; being down, insulted, railed, And put upon him such a deal of man That worthied him, got praises of the king For him attempting who was self-subdued. And in the fleshment of this dread exploit Drew on me here again. † (II. ii. 5. 110) The fight between Kent and Oswald is symbolic, showing a battle between good and evil. Kent’s loyalty is trustworthy but Oswald is a sycophant who attempts to wi n over people with his insincerely flattery to get what he wants, similar to his master Goneril.Kurogane is parallel to Oswald with both of them serving the main antagonists of the movies. Kurogane is very loyal to Jiro, acting as his voice of reason when Jiro becomes extremely influenced by Lady Kaede and tries to take over Lady Sue’s position as his wife. When Lady Kaede asks Jiro to slay Lady Sue and bring back her head, Kurogane comes back with a head of a statue, After finding out that Lady Sue is murdered, Kurogane tells Jiro he’s will not let Lady Kaede escape punishment â€Å"Who rules this domain,You or Lady Kaede? I pledged fealty to you, but never to her! † Similar to Oswald’s scene where he rips Regan’s paper, Kurogane kills Lady Kaede for her disobedience because he serves Jiro, displaying that his loyalty goes towards his master and no one else. There is a comparison between Kurogane and Oswald, but there are also many differences as well. Oswald seems to use flattery in order to display his loyalty towards Goneril, whereas Kurogane is honest towards Jiro and will even step up to Jiro.Oswald’s loyalty seems cowardly since he hides behind a shadow of lies and Kurogane’s loyalty is sincere and generally, more positive. Oswald and Kurogane’s roles provide influence towards the downfall of the tragic hero and create a progression towards the tragedy. Since they have a negative impact on the storyline, they help magnify the audience’s perspective on the tragedy that is yet to happen. In conclusion, the two movies contain many comparisons and contrasts that approach from two distinct cultures.The four characters; Oswald along with Kurogane and Tango along with Kent, can relate with and differ against each other. All these characters carry traits of loyalty towards their masters, while each individual can be classified as either good or evil. These characters enlighten the tragedy that both directors portrayed through the plot. Olivier’s â€Å"King Lear†, and Kurosawa’s â€Å"Ran† is comprised of multiple themes that are depicted during the films, but the theme with the most significance towards the storyline and the tragedy is loyalty.